Breaking nasal epithelial cell tolerance lipopolysaccharide exposure by CD16 mediated co-stimulation with human serum immunoglobulin G

Background Nasal epithelial cells are the first line of defence against invading microbes. In everyday life, we are constantly exposed to variety of bacteria and viruses, but not every exposure leads to a development of pro-inflammatory responses of nasal epithelium. Although triggering of an individual PRR is known to induce cell responses, it has become clear that the ultimate profile of cytokines production strongly depends on the cross-talk between different receptors. We have previously shown that exposure of nasal epithelium to viruses enhances its responses to Gram-positive bacteria. Since pathogenic bacteria are commonly tolerated in the human nose, we sought to characterize the nasal epithelium responses to LPS, a major component of Gram-negative bacteria cell wall.